Biography of Felipe Caldern

Felipe de Jesà ºs Calderà ³n Hinojosa (born August 18, 1962) is a Mexican politician and former President of Mexico who came to power after the controversial 2006 election. A member and former leader of the NAP or National Action Party (in Spanish, the PAN or Partido de Accià ³n Nacional), Calderà ³n is a social conservative but a fiscal liberal. He served as the Secretary of Energy under the previous administration before becoming President. Fast Facts: Felipe Calderon Known For: Mexican leader and politicianAlso Known As: Felipe de Jesà ºs Calderà ³n HinojosaBorn: August 18, 1962 in Morelia, Michoacà ¡n, MexicoParents: Luis Calderà ³n Vega and Carmen Hinojosa Calderà ³nEducation: Escuela Libre de Derecho, ITAM, Harvard Kennedy SchoolAwards and Honors:  Order of the Quetzal, Order of the Bath, Order of Civil Merit, Order of Isabella the Catholic, National Order of Josà © Matias Delgado, Order of the Elephant, National Order of the Southern Cross, Order of the Merit of Chile, Order of Belize, WEF Global Leadership Statesmanship Award, Times People Who Mattered, Honorary Chair of the Global Commission for the Economy and Climate, and moreSpouse: Margarita ZavalaChildren: Marà ­a, Luis Felipe and Juan Pablo.Notable Quote: Its the least developed countries who are the least responsible when you talk about global warming. But at the same, time they are the ones who suffer the severest consequences of climate change in the world. Background and Personal Life Calderà ³n comes from a political family. His father was one of several founders of the PAN party at a time when Mexico was essentially ruled by one party only, the PRI or Revolutionary Party. An excellent student, Felipe earned degrees in law and economics in Mexico before going to Harvard University, where he received a Masters of Public Administration. He joined the PAN as a young man and quickly proved capable of important posts within the party structure. In 1993, he married Margarita Zavala, who once served in the Mexican Congress. They have three children, all born between 1997 and 2003. Political Career Calderà ³n served as a representative in the Federal Chamber of Deputies, a parliamentary body resembling the House of Representatives in the U.S. In 1995, he ran for governor of the state of Michoacà ¡n, but lost to Là ¡zaro Cà ¡rdenas, another son of a famous political family. He nevertheless went on to national prominence, serving as national chairman for the PAN party from 1996 to 1999. When Vicente Fox (who is also a member of the PAN party) was elected president in 2000, Calderà ³n was appointed to several important posts, including director of Banobras, a state-owned development bank, and Secretary of Energy. 2006 Presidential Election Calderà ³n’s road to the presidency was bumpy. First, he had a falling-out with Vicente Fox, who openly endorsed another candidate, Santiago Creel. Creel later lost to Calderà ³n in a primary election. In the general election, his most serious opponent was Andrà ©s Manuel Là ³pez Obrador, representative of the Democratic Revolution Party (PRD). Calderà ³n won the election, but many of Là ³pez Obrador’s supporters believe that significant election fraud took place. The Mexican Supreme Court decided that President Fox’s campaigning on Calderà ³ns behalf had been questionable, but the results stood. Presidential Policies A social conservative, Calderà ³n opposed issues such as gay marriage, abortion (including the â€Å"morning-after† pill), euthanasia, and contraception education. His administration was fiscally moderate to liberal, however. He was in favor of free trade, lower taxes and privatization of state-controlled businesses. Early on in his presidency, Calderà ³n adopted many of Là ³pez Obrador’s campaign promises, such as a price cap for tortillas. This was seen by many as an effective way to neutralize his former rival and his supporters, who continued to be very vocal. He raised the wages of the armed forces and police while placing a cap on the salaries of high-level civil servants. His relationship with the U.S. was relatively friendly: he had several talks with U.S. lawmakers regarding immigration and ordered the extradition of some drug traffickers that were wanted north of the border. In general, his approval ratings were fairly high among most Mexicans, the exception being those who accused him of election fraud. War on the Cartels Calderon gained worldwide recognition for his all-out war on Mexicos drug cartels. Mexicos powerful smuggling cartels silently ship tons of narcotics from Central and South America into the U.S. and Canada, making billions of dollars. Other than the occasional turf war, no one heard much about them. Previous administrations had left them alone, letting sleeping dogs lie. But Calderon took them on, going after their leaders; confiscating money, weapons, and narcotics; and sending army forces into lawless towns. The cartels, desperate, responded with a wave of violence. Calderà ³n staked much on his anti-cartel initiative. His war on the drug lords was well received on both sides of the border, and he forged close ties with the U.S. and Canada to help combat the cartel operations all over the continent. Violence was an ongoing concern—an estimated 12,000 Mexicans died in 2011 in drug-related violence—but many saw it as a sign the cartels are hurting. November 2008 Plane Crash President Calderons efforts to fight organized drug cartels suffered a major setback in November 2008, when a plane crash killed fourteen people, including Juan Camilo Mourino, Mexicos Secretary of the Interior, and Jose Luis Santiago Vasconcelos, a high-profile prosecutor of drug-related crimes. Although many suspected the accident was the result of sabotage ordered by drug gangs, evidence seems to indicate pilot error. Post-Presidential Legacy In Mexico, presidents may only serve one term, and Calderons came to a close in 2012. In the presidential elections, moderate Enrique Pena Nieto of the PRI won, beating out Là ³pez Obrador and PAN candidate Josefina Và ¡zquez Mota. Pena Nieto promised to continue Calderons war on the cartels. Mexicans see Calderons term as a limited success, as the economy continued to slowly grow. He will forever be linked with his war on the cartels, however, and Mexicans have mixed feelings about that. When Calderons term ended, there was still a stalemate of sorts with the cartels. Many of their leaders had been killed or captured, but at great cost of lives and money for the government. Since stepping down as President of Mexico, Calderon has become an outspoken proponent of global action on climate change.

Essay on Equality and Civil Rights - 1486 Words

Democracy stresses the equality of all individuals and insists that all men are created equal. Democracy does not persist on an equality of condition for all people or argue that all persons have a right to an equal share of worldly goods. Rather, its concept of equality insists that all are entitled to equality of opportunity and equality before the law. The democratic concept of equality holds that no person should be held back for any such arbitrary reasons as those based on race, color, religion, or gender. This concept of equality holds that each person must be free to develop himself or herself as fully as he or she can or cares to and that each person should be treated as the equal of all other persons by the law. We have come†¦show more content†¦Equality and Civil Rights is complex in nature that the 14th Amendment (Equal Protection Clause) is the closest approach to a literal statement of equality, it declares: â€Å"No State shall deny to any person within its ju risdiction the equal protection of the laws.† The clause was originally intended to benefit newly freed slaves. Over time, it has acquired a broader meaning. Today, it forbids states and their local governments to draw unreasonable distinctions between classes of persons. The equal rights amendment (ERA) was introduced in 1923. Their policy was for protection of women and based largely on sexual stereotypes, which has been woven into the legal fabric of American life. This protectionism has limited the freedom of women to compete with men socially and economically on an equal footing. The movement to provide equal rights to women advanced a step with the passage of the Equal Pay Act of 1963. That act required equal pay for men and women doing similar work. On the other hand, to remove the restrictions of protectionism, women needed equal opportunity for employment. They got it in the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and later the legislation. The commitment that led to affirmative act ion programs expanded opportunities for women, minorities, and those who are disabled. The (Equal OpportunityShow MoreRelatedThe Fight For Civil Rights And Equality1339 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica has come a long way in the fight for civil rights and equality. It has been a rocky road for people of all different races, especially for those of African American decent. It is hard to think about how over 100 years ago, African Americans had to live as slaves and had to put up with abuse, confinement, and had little to no freedom. They also faced an immense amount of discrimination, dating from the days of slavery to the mid 1900’s. 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Gdfg Free Essays

Pressure switch |[pic][pi| |c] | A pressure responsive switch senses a change in pressure and responds to such changes by alternately making and breaking an electrical connection. Pressure-sensitive switches are used in a variety of applications where it is desired to switch apparatus on or off at predetermined pressures. These switches are utilized in a wide variety of applications, as in automobiles [pic] , aircrafts and in various other environments. We will write a custom essay sample on Gdfg or any similar topic only for you Order Now Pressure switches include set-point pressure switches that actuate when a specified pressure is reached and pressure measuring switches that are capable of measuring the ambient pressure and reacting accordingly. A pressure responsive switch generally comprises a diaphragm responsive to a pressure change, a rigid ring for securing the diaphragm, and a pair of electrically conductive contacts that break contact based on movement of the diaphragm. Mechanical pressure switches typically provide an output signal in the form of a switch closure in response to application of mechanical or atmospheric pressure. A differential pressure switch [pic] is a device which utilizes differential fluid pressure from low and high pressure sources to actuate an electric switch at a pre-set actuation point. Differential pressure switches are commonly employed to control the operation of snap action switches. Flow switch |[pic][pi| |c] | A flow switch is used to sense the flow of a fluid passing through its valve body and to send an electrical control signal to control the switching unit. In many applications, it is essential to be able to determine whether fluid is flowing in a pipeline, duct or other conduit and to respond accordingly to such a determination. For example, flow responsive devices for producing a control signal which is used to de-energize a pump when the flow rate falls below a preselected minimum are commonly employed in systems for transferring fluid between reservoirs. Fluid flow switch sensing devices have been developed for monitoring fluid flow in pipelines, ducts, and other conduits. A flow switch produces an electrical signal which is commensurate with a preselected rate of flow of a fluid in a conduit. Various flow switches have been developed to be responsive to the flow rate of a fluid within a flow line. Usually the flow switch is connected into the flow line so that the flow path of the fluid passes through the flow switch. Several such devices rely on the pivotal movement of a rod supported blade which is deflected depending on the amount of fluid flow. Limit switch |[pic][pi| c] | Switches are commonly employed as input devices to indicate the presence or absence of a particular condition in a system or process that is being monitored and/or controlled. In motorized electromechanical systems, limit switches provide the function of making and breaking electrical contacts and consequently electrical circuits. A limit switch is configured to detect when a system’s element has moved to a certain position. A system operation is triggered when a limit sw itch is tripped. Limit switches are widely used in various industrial applications, and they can detect a limit of movement of an article and passage of an article by displacement of an actuating part such as a pivotally supported arm or a linear plunger. The limit switches are designed to control the movement of a mechanical part. Limit switches are typically utilized in industrial control applications to automatically monitor and indicate whether the travel limits of a particular device have been exceeded. Level switch |[pic][pi| |c] | Various instruments have found use for applications requiring level sensing. Such instruments include float level switches, ultrasonic level switches and capacitance point level switches. Various devices have been proposed for indicating when liquid or other fluent material in a container or channel reaches a particular level. Liquid level sensors are used in a wide variety of applications to detect the levels of fluids within various forms of reservoirs. For example, such sensors are employed in the automotive industry to sense the level of oil in an oil pan or sump, or the level of transmission fluid. Liquid level sensors contain switches to indicate whether a sensed liquid is above or below a predetermined level. Switches responsive to fluid levels have utilized a variety of approaches for opening and closing an electrical circuit. Fluid level switch devices usually incorporate a float buoy for sensing the fluid level, the float buoy being operatively connected to a switch device. Temperature switch |[pic][pi| |c] | A temperature switch is a switch that is responsive to temperature changes. Temperature switches generally are provided with a temperature responsive element which will open or close a switch when a predetermined minimum pressure or temperature is sensed by the responsive element. For protection against thermal overload, semiconductor switches are provided with integrated temperature sensors. The temperature sensors acquire the temperature of the power switch and convert this into a temperature-dependent, analog signal which then can be interpreted in a circuit. Temperature sensitive switches, such as a thermostat, typically comprise a temperature sensor which is used to open or close electrical contacts at specified temperatures. A bimetal strip of dissimilar metals is used as the sensing element for temperature sensitive switches. Temperature sensitive switches are often used for thermal protection purposes. If a device gets too hot, the temperature sensitive switch opens the electrical circuit, thereby eliminating power to the circuit. For example, temperature responsive tip-switches are particularly useful in connection with electric heaters. How to cite Gdfg, Papers